The Shanghai Cooperation Organization or SCO or Shanghai Pact is a Eurasian political, economic and military organisation which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. These countries, except for Uzbekistan, had been members of the Shanghai Five, founded in 1996; after the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the members renamed the organization.

Observer States: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan

Dialogue Partners: Belarus, Sri Lanka, Turkey

Guest Attendances: ASEAN,  Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Turkmenistan